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詳細為您解析Matreya抗體的生物活性
發(fā)布時間： 2021-12-23 點擊次數(shù)： 893次Matreya抗體是指機體由于抗原的刺激而產(chǎn)生的具有保護作用的蛋白質(zhì)。它是一種由漿細胞分泌，被免疫系統(tǒng)用來鑒別與中和外來物質(zhì)如細菌、病毒等的大型Y形蛋白質(zhì)，僅被發(fā)現(xiàn)存在于脊椎動物的血液等體液中，及其B細胞的細胞膜表面。抗體能識別特定外來物的一個*特征，該外來目標(biāo)被稱為抗原。Matreya抗體的生物活性：1、特異性結(jié)合抗原：抗體本身不能直接溶解或殺傷帶有特異抗原的靶細胞，通常需要補體或吞噬細胞等共同發(fā)揮效應(yīng)以清除病原微生物或?qū)е虏±頁p傷。然而，抗體可通過與病毒或毒素的特異性結(jié)合，直接發(fā)揮中和病毒的作用。2、激活補體：IgM、IgG1、IgG2和IgG3可通過經(jīng)典途徑激活補體，凝聚的IgA、IgG4和IgE可通過替代途徑激活補體。3、結(jié)合細胞：不同類別的免疫球蛋白，可結(jié)合不同種的細胞，參與免疫應(yīng)答。4、可通過胎盤及粘膜：免疫球蛋白G（IgG）能通過胎盤進入胎兒血流中，使胎兒形成自然被動免疫。免疫球蛋白A（IgA）可通過消化道及呼吸道粘膜，是粘膜局部抗感染免疫的主要因素。5、具有抗原性：抗體分子是一種蛋白質(zhì)，也具有刺激機體產(chǎn)生免疫應(yīng)答的性能。不同的免疫球蛋白分子，各具有不同的抗原性。6、抗體對理化因子的抵抗力與一般球蛋白相同：不耐熱，60～70℃即被破壞。各種酶及能使蛋白質(zhì)凝固變性的物質(zhì)，均能破壞抗體的作用。抗體可被中性鹽類沉淀。在生產(chǎn)上常可用硫酸銨或硫酸鈉從免疫血清中沉淀出含有抗體的球蛋白，再經(jīng)透析法將其純化。7、通過與細胞Fc受體結(jié)合發(fā)揮多種生物效應(yīng)：①、調(diào)理作用：IgG、IgM的Fc段與吞噬細胞表面的FcγR、FcμR結(jié)合，增強其吞噬能力，通常將抗體促進吞噬細胞吞噬功能的作用稱為抗體的調(diào)理作用。②、發(fā)揮抗體依賴的細胞介導(dǎo)的細胞毒作用。
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